Overview & Research Questions
Paper: CIKM Short Paper - Knowing When to Correct: Cost-Aware LLM Routing
Authors: Stergios Konstantinidis, Hayman Lotfy, Michalis Vlachos (University of Lausanne)
Venue: ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM) - Short Paper
GitHub: https://github.com/Stergios-Konstantinidis/CIKM_public
Overleaf: https://git.overleaf.com/6a1d78e803cbdf7def32a839
CIKM Short Paper: Knowing When to Correct
Venue: ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM)
Authors: Stergios Konstantinidis, Hayman Lotfy, Michalis Vlachos
Affiliation: Department of Information Systems (DESI), HEC Lausanne
GitHub Public: CIKM_public
Overleaf Project:https://git.overleaf.com/6a1d78e803cbdf7def32a839
Core Codebase:/Users/stergios/Documents/GitHub/Optimizing-LLM-based-OCR-Corrections
1. Problem Statement
At multi-million page scale, LLM-based OCR correction is constrained by cost:
- Full LLM correction costs hundreds of thousands of dollars on national archival collections.
- Many archival passages are already accurate; invoking LLMs on them introduces latency, cost, and risk of hallucinations.
Core Research Questions:
- RQ1: How closely does selective routing match the theoretical oracle ceiling, and does it outperform naive confidence thresholding?
- RQ2: How well does the regression-estimated improvement
$\hat{\Delta}_i$Δ}_i correlate with the true realized improvement$\Delta_i$Δi?- RQ3: What is the actual operational cost saved when routing only segments predicted to benefit across various frontier LLMs?
Problem Visual Illustration
[](https://wiki.stergios.ch/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/cikm-ocr-example.png)pngFigure 1: Typical OCR degradation in historical periodicals requiring cost-aware routing.
